punish
/ˈpʌnɪʃ/KK
pʌ·nɪʃ
變化形
punishes
punished
punished
punishing
1.
懲罰；處罰
因某人做錯事、違反規定或犯法，而使其承受某種不愉快的後果或處分。
用法：通常接人作受詞：punish someone for something。也可用被動語態：be punished for something。
The teacher punished him for cheating on the math test.
老師因為他在數學考試作弊而處罰他。
Students who damage things at school may be punished.
破壞學校物品的學生可能會受到處罰。
2.
懲戒；嚴懲
對犯下嚴重罪行或重大過錯的人施以嚴厲處分。
用法：常與副詞搭配，如 severely、harshly；也常用 punish offenders 或 punish crime，但 punish crime 是指藉由處罰犯罪行為來遏止犯罪，較正式。
The new law aims to punish companies that pollute rivers.
這項新法旨在嚴懲污染河川的公司。
Many people said that the people who did it should be punished.
許多人說，那些做這件事的人應該受到懲罰。
3.
使受苦；使付出代價
使人或事物因惡劣情況、過度使用或嚴重影響而受損或感到痛苦。
用法：此義常以事物作主詞，如 The heat punished the runners。口語中可改用 be hard on 或 take a toll on，語氣較自然。
Walking all day in the summer heat punished our feet and knees.
在夏日高溫中走了一整天，讓我們的腳和膝蓋都很吃不消。
The long hike was punishing for students who had not exercised for a long time.
對很久沒有運動的學生來說，這趟長途健行很折磨人。
常見錯誤
The teacher punished to him for cheating.
The teacher punished him for cheating.
He got punished by his parents because of he lied.
He got punished by his parents because he lied.
The school gave him a punish.
The school gave him a punishment.
The teacher punished him because he was late to class.
The teacher punished him for being late to class.
相關字詞
學習提示
・punish 的重點是「對某人施以處罰」。若重點是規則造成扣分或罰款，常可用 penalize。
・在親子與教育情境中，discipline 有時比 punish 更強調引導和管教，語氣較不只是在責罰。
・常用句型是 punish someone for doing something，不要說 punish someone because of doing something。