單字庫

must

/ˈmʌst/KK

練發音
情態動詞
國中
難度 短、單義、常用
modal auxiliary
also used as a noun in the expression “a must”
變化形
過去式

musted

第三人稱單數

musts

過去分詞

musted

現在分詞

musting

1.
必須;得
極常用

用來表示說話者認為某件事是必要的、被規定的,或非做不可的。

用法:後面直接接原形動詞,不加「to」,也不因主詞是第三人稱單數而改變形式。談過去的必要性時,通常改用「had to」。例如:你必須在晚上十點前回家。昨天我們不得不搭計程車。

must follow the rules
must finish homework
must be on time
must wear a helmet
must remember to do something

Students must wear their school cards at school.

學生在學校時必須戴著學校的卡片。

You must bring an umbrella because the weather report says it will rain.

你必須帶傘,因為氣象報告說會下雨。

2.
不准;禁止
極常用

在否定形式中表示禁止做某事。

用法:「must not」和縮寫「mustn't」表示「不可以」,不是「不必」。若要表示沒有必要做某事,通常用「do not have to」或「need not」。

mustn't use a phone
must not enter
must not touch
must not park
mustn't be late

Visitors must not feed the animals at the park.

遊客不可以在公園餵動物。

You must not use your phone during the test.

考試時,你不可以使用手機。

3.
一定是;想必是
極常用

根據已知的事實或跡象,表示對現在情況作出很有把握的推論。

用法:常接「be+形容詞/名詞」或進行式,表示對現在狀況的推論。若要推論過去已發生的事,見下一義項。

must be at home
must be raining
must know the answer
must be tired
must be expensive

The lights are on, so Dad must be home.

燈亮著,所以爸爸一定在家。

After walking up so many stairs, you must be tired.

爬了這麼多層樓梯後,你一定很累。

4.
一定已經;想必已經
常用

根據證據或情況,對過去已發生的事作出很有把握的推論。

用法:結構是「must have+過去分詞」。這裡的「have」不是表示「有」,而是用來指出推論的事情發生在過去。

must have left
must have forgotten
must have missed the bus
must have been busy
must have heard the news

They must have been busy because they did not call us.

他們一定很忙,因為他們沒有打電話給我們。

She must have left her umbrella on the bus.

她一定是把雨傘忘在公車上了。

5.
一定要;非常值得
常用

作名詞用,通常指不能錯過、非常必要,或極力推薦的人事物。

用法:這個用法中的「must」是可數名詞,通常要搭配冠詞「a」。

a must-try
a must for visitors
an absolute must
a must-have
a must-see

The night market is a must for visitors to this city.

夜市是來這座城市遊客一定不能錯過的地方。

During typhoon season, every family must have a light.

颱風季節,每個家庭都必須有一盞燈。

常見錯誤

Yesterday, I must go to school early.

Yesterday, I had to go to school early.

You don't must bring lunch tomorrow.

You don't have to bring lunch tomorrow.

I must to finish my homework tonight.

I must finish my homework tonight.

She must studies for the test.

She must study for the test.

相關字詞
need to 近義
should 近義
mustn't 同源詞
needn't 反義
a must 同源詞
have to 近義
學習提示

・先分清兩種否定意思:「mustn't」是「不可以」,「do not have to」是「不必」。

・「must」可表示責任,也可表示根據線索作出的強烈推論;要看上下文判斷意思。

・在日常美式英語中,談一般責任時常聽到「have to」;但規則、指示和強烈要求中,「must」仍很常見。

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