單字庫

hard

/ˈhɑrd/KK

/ˈhɑɹd/IPA

練發音
形容詞
國小
難度 6 個義項
also_adverb
變化形
比較級

harder

最高級

hardest

1.
硬的;堅硬的
極常用

指物體質地堅實,不容易彎曲、切開、壓下或咬動。

用法:可放在名詞前,或用在連綴動詞後。例如:這張床很硬。

hard bread
hard floor
hard surface
hard candy
hard seat

The bread was too hard, so I put it in hot water.

這個麵包太硬了,所以我把它放進熱水裡。

These chairs are hard to sit on for a long time.

這些椅子坐很久會很不舒服。

2.
困難的;不容易的
極常用

指事情不容易完成、理解或處理,需要付出許多努力、技巧或思考。

用法:常接不定詞:hard to understand。也常用於「很難做某事」的句型:It is hard for me to…。

hard to understand
hard test
hard choice
hard question
hard problem

This math problem is hard, but my teacher can help me.

這題數學題很難,但我的老師可以幫我。

3.
費力的;辛苦的
極常用

指工作、活動或過程需要長時間認真努力,因而令人疲累或不輕鬆。

用法:hard work 是不可數的固定搭配,通常不說 a hard work。hard-working 則用來形容人很勤奮。

hard job
hard training
work hard
study hard
hard work

She studies hard because she wants to go to a good school.

她努力讀書,因為她想上好學校。

The school show was hard work, but the students had fun at the end.

學校表演很辛苦,但學生最後玩得很開心。

還有 3 個進階的意思(國小之後才會學到)
4.
嚴厲的;苛刻的;難以承受的
常用

指規定、批評、處境或生活條件很嚴格、嚴重,或使人感到痛苦。

用法:be hard on someone 表示「對某人太嚴厲」或「使某人不好受」。不要和 hard for someone 混用;後者表示「對某人而言很困難」。

hard on children
hard on yourself
hard life
hard times
hard punishment

Try not to be too hard on yourself after one mistake.

犯了一個錯誤後,試著不要對自己太嚴格。

Many families had a hard time when the power was off for a long time.

許多家庭在停電很久時過得很辛苦。

5.
強烈地;用力地;密集地
極常用

作副詞用,表示動作很用力地進行,或天氣、活動等很強烈、密集地發生。

用法:hard 作副詞時通常不加 -ly。hardly 的意思是「幾乎不」,不是「努力地」。

rain hard
hit hard
think hard
try hard
work hard

It rained hard after we got off the train.

我們下火車後,雨下得很大。

Think hard before you spend all your lucky money.

在花掉所有壓歲錢前,要仔細想一想。

6.
牢牢地;緊緊地
常用

作副詞用,表示緊密地固定、抓住或接觸,不容易鬆開或脫落。

用法:此義常放在動詞後面。例如:Hold on hard。較自然的說法通常是 Hold on tight。

push hard against
shut hard
pull hard
hold hard

Push the door hard, or it will stay open.

用力推門,不然門會開著。

The child held hard to her father’s hand in the busy market.

小女孩在熱鬧的市場裡緊緊抓住爸爸的手。

常見錯誤

Preparing for the test is a hard work.

Preparing for the test is hard work.

This homework is hardly.

This homework is hard.

I study hardly every day.

I study hard every day.

My teacher is very hard to me.

My teacher is very hard on me.

相關字詞
difficult 近義
tough 近義
soft 反義
hardly 易混淆
hard-working 同源詞
hardship 同源詞
學習提示

・hard 可當形容詞,也可當副詞。作副詞時常直接用 hard,例如 work hard、rain hard。

・hard 和 difficult 都可表示「困難的」;若強調需要努力、很費力,hard 特別常用。

・a hard time 是常見搭配,表示「一段艱難的時期」;have a hard time 後面可接動名詞,表示「做某事很困難」。

← 回到國小單字庫