duty
/ˈduti/KK
du·ti
變化形
duties
1.
責任；職責；本分
因工作、身分、規定或道德原則而應該履行的責任或工作。
用法：表示「職責」時常作可數名詞，常用複數 duties。表示抽象的「責任感或義務」時，可用單數 duty，例如 It is my duty to help。
Students have a duty to follow the safety rules in the science room.
學生有遵守科學教室安全規則的責任。
One of my duties at home is taking out the trash after dinner.
我在家的一項職責是晚餐後倒垃圾。
2.
值勤；勤務；當班
某人正在執行工作、輪班或公務的期間或狀態。
用法：常見搭配為 on duty「值勤中」與 off duty「非值勤中、下班」。on duty 不可隨意改成 in duty。
A nurse is on duty at the school health center until five in the afternoon.
一名護理師在學校保健室值班，直到下午五點。
The bus driver was off duty when the accident happened.
事故發生時，那位公車司機並未值勤。
3.
關稅；進口稅；稅金
政府對進口貨物，或某些特定商品所徵收的稅。
用法：作「關稅」時通常是不可數名詞。常用 customs duty 指「海關關稅」，duty-free 指「免稅的」。
You may have to pay duty if you bring expensive goods back from another country.
如果你從其他國家帶回高價商品，可能需要繳關稅。
We bought snacks at the duty-free shop before boarding the plane.
我們登機前在免稅商店買了零食。
常見錯誤
It is my duty helping my parents.
It is my duty to help my parents.
My father is in duty today.
My father is on duty today.
We paid many duties for the package.
We paid duty on the package.
I have many duty at home.
I have many duties at home.
相關字詞
學習提示
・duty 最核心的意思是「應盡的責任」，比 responsibility 更有「理當如此」或「被要求去做」的意味。
・do your duty 指「盡本分」，但日常談具體工作內容時，perform your duties 或 carry out your duties 較常見。
・duty-free 雖然含有 duty，但整體是固定形容詞，意思是「免稅的」。