單字庫

by

/ˈbaɪ/KK

練發音
介系詞
國小
難度 短、單義、常用
also used as an adverb
1.
以;藉由;搭乘
極常用

表示做某事所使用的方法、工具、交通方式或溝通方式。

用法:表示交通方式時,通常不在交通工具名稱前加冠詞;表示方法時,可接動名詞。

by bus
by train
by email
by phone
by hand

I go to school by bus.

我搭公車去上學。

You can get better at listening by watching English movies.

你可以藉由看英文電影,讓聽力變得更好。

2.
在……旁邊;沿著
極常用

表示人、物或地點位於另一人、物或地點的旁邊、附近或沿線。

用法:通常比表示「緊鄰」的介系詞語意更寬,可指旁邊或附近。

by the window
by the door
by the river
by the roadside
sit by someone

There is a small shop by the train station.

火車站旁邊有一家小商店。

She sat by the window to get better light for reading.

她坐在窗邊,讓閱讀時的光線更好。

還有 4 個進階的意思(國小之後才會學到)
3.
被;由
極常用

用於被動語態,指出執行動作的人、團體或事物。

用法:後面通常接名詞、代名詞受格或名詞片語。

written by
designed by
caused by
made by
organized by

This cake was made by my grandmother.

這個蛋糕是我奶奶做的。

The school festival was planned by the students.

學校園遊會是由學生們規劃的。

4.
在……之前;最晚於
極常用

表示某件事必須在某個時間點或期限之前完成。

用法:強調截止時間,不表示事情會持續到該時間點。若要表示持續到某時,通常用表示「直到」的介系詞。

by the deadline
by tomorrow
by the end of the week
by Friday
by noon

Please give me your report by Friday afternoon.

請在星期五下午前把你的報告給我。

We need to arrive at the station by 7:30.

我們最晚必須在七點半前到車站。

5.
依照;根據;按照
常用

表示判斷、排列、識別或行動所依據的標準、規則或方式。

用法:常見於固定搭配,如依照姓名排序、憑經驗判斷。

by experience
by name
by age
by size
by law

Get to know people by talking to them, not by their looks.

透過和人交談來了解他們,不要只看他們的外表。

The library books are put in groups by subject.

圖書館的書按主題分組。

6.
以……的幅度;相差……
常用

表示數量、程度、價格或位置改變、不同或相差的幅度。

用法:後面接表示幅度的數字或數量名詞片語。

increase by
decrease by
win by
miss by
differ by

Our team won the game by three points.

我們隊以三分之差贏得比賽。

常見錯誤

I go to school by the bus.

I go to school by bus.

The picture was drawn from my sister.

The picture was drawn by my sister.

Please finish the homework until Friday.

Please finish the homework by Friday.

She improved her English by watch English movies.

She improved her English by watching English movies.

相關字詞
with 易混淆
until 易混淆
beside 近義
via 近義
學習提示

・「by」最重要的核心概念是「透過、依據、在旁邊或在某期限前」。需從句子判斷它表示的是方法、期限、位置或標準。

・表示交通方式時說「by bus」;但若強調搭乘某一班或某一輛車,會改用表示「在……裡/上」的介系詞,例如「on the bus」。

・「by」也可作副詞,表示「經過、流逝」,如「A car went by」與「Time goes by」。這種用法常見於動詞後。

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